Muhammad Waleed

1 month ago | mdpi.com | Sajid Ali |Muhammad Waleed |Daeyong Lee

1. IntroductionThe rapid expansion of offshore wind energy has positioned it as a key pillar in global renewable energy strategies, providing an efficient solution for large-scale electricity generation. Offshore wind farms benefit from stronger and more consistent wind speeds compared to their onshore counterparts, resulting in higher capacity factors and improved energy yields (IEC 61400-1 [1]; Katsanos et al. [2]).