Nepal Academy

May 23, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Utsav Bhattarai |Tek Narayan Maraseni |Laxmi P. Devkota |Nepal Academy

1 INTRODUCTION Energy is a nation's building block as well as a gauge to measure its development (Adedoyin et al., 2020; Saidi & Hammami, 2015). Moreover, economic development and energy consumption have a bi-directional cyclic relationship (Chen, Mamon, et al., 2023; Devkota et al., 2022; Mohsin et al., 2021). Therefore, sustainable development needs to holistically consider economic progress, social evolution and environmental safeguarding (Safi et al., 2023).