Niko Johansson

Nov 18, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Finnish Museum |Edward Kluen |Purabi Deshpande |Niko Johansson

1 Introduction Cities are hotspots for the introduction of alien flora (Pysek 1998), either accidentally or intentionally through gardening and horticulture (Seebens et al. 2017). However, whether these species spread into surrounding natural habitats depends on their dispersal agents—if there are limited opportunities for flora to disperse from urban areas, then the risk of invasion is low (von der Lippe and Kowarik 2008).