Pasquale Mone

Jul 24, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Angela Lombardi |Hanna Lee |Pasquale Mone |Jeehee Yoon

IntroductionImmunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancer types (1). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/CD28/programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis, leading to immune activation in the tumor microenvironment (2, 3).

Jul 20, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Amr Sayed |Attila Csaba |Pasquale Mone |Cosmin M. Vesa

1 IntroductionAccording to the International Diabetes Federation’s (IDF) report, the worldwide number of people affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) in 2021 is estimated to be 537 million individuals (1). This statement suggests that approximately 10% of the adult population suffers from DM. It is anticipated that the previously mentioned number will increase to 643 million by the year 2030, and further rise to 783 million by 2045 (1).