Patrick Courtney

Oct 12, 2023 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Paul Royall |Patrick Courtney |Christine Goodair |Caroline Copeland

INTRODUCTION Opioids are used clinically for their analgesic effects [1]. Recreational opioid users seek their additional effects of euphoria and sedation [1]. Repeated opioid use can induce tolerance where larger doses are needed to produce the same ‘high’—doses sufficiently extreme to cause respiratory depression and death [1].