Patrick Gilbert

Jul 15, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Patrick Gilbert |Isaac Abrahams |Jovan Stankovic |Nico Galaffu

1 INTRODUCTION The last few decades have seen extensive research efforts to meet the challenging performance targets for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)1 and move beyond what is achievable with hydrated Nafion type sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes (PEMs).2 Some of the limitations of the latter relate to high acid strength and poor water retention above 80°C, resulting in lower than required conductivity above this temperature.