Qinghua Zeng

1 week ago | advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Hongbo Cai |Xiqi Yang |Xiaofei Xu |Qinghua Zeng

1 Introduction Crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells dominate ≈95%[1] of the global solar cell market, known for their high efficiency[2] and mature manufacturing[3] processes. They are expected to maintain this leading position in the foreseeable future. Key factors impacting c-Si cells efficiency include improvements in wafer quality, which reduce bulk recombination, as well as, advancements in passivation techniques that significantly lower surface recombination.