Qiong Tang

Jul 4, 2023 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Pan Xiao |Bin Liu |Qiong Tang |Zhijie Sun

Corresponding Author Bin Liu College of Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, P. R. China Correspondence Bin Liu, College of Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412000, P. R. China. Email: [email protected] Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing - original draftSearch for more papers by this author

Apr 14, 2023 | agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Qiong Tang |Shenzhen Shenzhen |Chen Zhou |Huixin Liu

Method In this study, we use the image processing technique to automatically extract the Es traces in ionograms in order to study the variations of Es layer height at different specific radar frequencies. Image processing technique has been extensively used to automatically scale the F layer from ionograms (e.g., Fagre et al., 2021; Zheng et al., 2003). The information of Es layers is normally recorded by the O-wave trace indicated by the red color in ionograms.