Rubén González-Miguéns

Jul 23, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Rubén González-Miguéns |Emilio Cano |Mónica García-Gallo Pinto |Pablo G. Peña

1 INTRODUCTION Bioindication, the use of the responses of a biological indicator (processes, species or communities) to an environmental disturbance, is vital to evaluate the ecological status or change over time of ecosystems (Holt & Miller, 2010). In practice, bioindication was applied in the coal mines of the United Kingdom and Germany during the 19th century, when canary birds indicated the dangers of firedamp.