Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

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Articles

What is solids retention time?

1 month ago | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

Learn about the significance of solids retention time (SRT) in wastewater treatment, its calculation, and its impact on the quality of treated wastewater and activated sludge. Bob Crossen / Endeavor Business MediaThere are different types of retention times depending on where the wastewater and its component stays during the treatment process. Examples include hydraulic retention time and solids retention time (SRT). SRT is discussed in this article. What is the retention time of wastewater?
What is ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC)?

2 months ago | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

In a wastewater treatment plant, the incoming influent generally includes nitrogen in the form of ammonia which is usually present in the water as ammonium ions. The ammonia/ammonium is converted into nitrite via the actions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and the nitrite is converted into nitrate via the actions of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. This process, namely the conversion of ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate is called nitrification and requires oxygen.
What is density wasting (DWAS)?

Mar 26, 2025 | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

What you will learn:What density wasting is. How to calculate wastewater density. How to remove sludge and grit from wastewater. Why density wasting is important in wastewater plants. In wastewater treatment, wasting refers to the removal of excessive buildup from the surface such as foam and solids such as sludge and grit.
What is surface wasting (SWAS)?

Feb 26, 2025 | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

What you will learn:The differences between sludge and surface wasting. What surface wasting is and what it removes. Why is surface wasting is needed. How surface wasting works. What is wasting in wastewater treatment? Wasting in wastewater treatment is the removal of foam and solid buildup from the wastewater treatment plant to maintain the microbial population in the system responsible for the biodegradation of chemicals and for the overall health of the wastewater treatment plant.
What is biological nutrient removal?

Jan 22, 2025 | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), biological nutrient removal (BNR) removes total nitrogen and total phosphorus from the wastewater by the actions of microorganisms. What are the BNR processes in a wastewater treatment plant? What are the factors that affect the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the BNR process?
What is sludge mixing?

Jan 17, 2025 | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

What happens in sludge treatment? The sludge in the tanks of the wastewater treatment plant contains microorganisms that metabolize specific chemical compositions present in the wastewater. The type of microbial metabolic processes that occurs in the tanks depends on the oxygen concentration in the wastewater. Mixing of the sludge basically enhances this metabolism. In anoxic denitrification, nitrogen is removed from the wastewater.
What is a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment?

Dec 1, 2024 | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

What is a membrane bioreactor? In a wastewater treatment system, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) removes solids via the membranes resulting in pathogen-free water. Basically, an MBR consists of membrane filtration for the separation of solids from the water. The use of membranes in the MBR not only eliminates the need for secondary clarifiers but also removes microorganisms, including harmful pathogens, from the water. How does membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment work?
What is a sequencing batch reactor?

Oct 21, 2024 | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

What is a sequencing batch reactor? In wastewater treatment, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a fill-and-draw type of wastewater treatment process. A SBR can be used to treat both municipal and industrial wastewater. While some literature sources indicate the SBR as a single tank, other literature sources report it to be as multiple tanks. The SBR system involves single or multiple tanks depending on the scale of the operation and on the composition of the wastewater influent.
What is aerobic granular sludge?

Sep 24, 2024 | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) consists of than flocs. AGS is used for the removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater. What is the history of aerobic granular sludge (AGS)? In 1980: Granular sludge was described for anaerobic systems by Lettinga et al. By the late 1990s: Publications on the formation and application of aerobic granules made available. 2003: Patent granted on Method for acquiring grain-shaped growth of a microorganism in a reactor.
What is volatile solids reduction?

Aug 27, 2024 | wwdmag.com | Saleha (Sally) Kuzniewski

Volatile solids are the portion of the total solids representing the organic matters, that as the name implies, can be volatilized, when subjected to high temperatures. Notably, “volatile” in this context does not mean that these solids rapidly evaporate and rather it means that they have the ability to be volatilized (i.e., converted to gas) when they are heated at high temperatures, specifically at 550oC ± 50oC.