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May 18, 2023 | 
learningpolicyinstitute.org | Sean Darling-Hammond
Darling-Hammond, S. (2023). Fostering belonging, transforming schools: The impact of restorative practices. Learning Policy Institute. https://doi.org/10.54300/169.703Many schools use exclusionary discipline—such as suspensions and expulsions—to deter students from misbehaving and to protect students from the harms associated with exposure to student misbehavior.
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Apr 19, 2023 | 
pnas.org | Fatima Cody |Sean Darling-Hammond |Michael Ruiz |Jennifer L. Eberhardt
Skip to main content During the Supreme Court oral arguments about affirmative action in October 2022, Justice Elena Kagan asked, “[I]f you’re a hospital and you serve a diverse group of patients, is it super important to you to have a diverse set of doctors?” Justice Kagan’s question raises whether the Supreme Court, poised to end affirmative action, may diminish the diversity of health providers in the United States.
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Apr 19, 2023 | 
pnas.org | Sean Darling-Hammond |Michael Ruiz |Jennifer L. Eberhardt |Jason A. Okonofua
A. A. Bapat, G. Hostetter, D. D. Von Hoff, H. Han, Perineural invasion and associated pain in pancreatic cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 11, 695–707 (2011). M. Amit et al., Perineural spread in noncutaneous head and neck cancer: New insights into an old problem. J. Neurol. Surg. B. Skull Base 77, 86–95 (2016). S. H. Chen et al., Perineural invasion of cancer: A complex crosstalk between cells and molecules in the perineural niche. Am. J. Cancer Res. 9, 1–21 (2019). R. L. Siegel, K. D. Miller, H. E. Fuchs, A.
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Apr 18, 2023 | 
pnas.org | G. S. Allan |Sean Darling-Hammond |Michael Ruiz |Jennifer L. Eberhardt
P. Lauterbur, Image formation by induced local interactionsL examples employing nuclear magnetic resonance. Nature 242, 190–191 (1973). P. M. Thompson et al., The ENIGMA Consortium: Large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data. Brain Imaging Behav. 8, 153–182 (2014). L. T. Elliott et al., Genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes in UK Biobank. Nature 562, 1–17 (2018). A. J.
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Apr 18, 2023 | 
pnas.org | Sean Darling-Hammond |Michael Ruiz |Jennifer L. Eberhardt |Philip C. E
SignificanceThe old subject of superfluidity has a number of unsolved fundamental questions, notably - about the nature of collective excitations, known as rotons, and their interactions with other quasiparticles. These interactions are fast, but until now were studied with slow experimental tools and only in thermal equilibrium.
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Apr 18, 2023 | 
pnas.org | Sean Darling-Hammond |Michael Ruiz |Jennifer L. Eberhardt |Jason A. Okonofua
C. Thompson, R. C. Duncan, Neutron star dynamos and the origins of pulsar magnetism. Astrophys. J. 408, 194 (1993). V. M. Kaspi, A. M. Beloborodov, Magnetars. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 55, 261 (2017). M. C. Weisskopf et al., The imaging X-ray polarimetry explorer (IXPE). Proc. SPIE. 9905, 990517 (2016). Z. Medin, D. Lai, Condensed surfaces of magnetic neutron stars, thermal surface emission, and particle acceleration above pulsar polar caps. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 382, 1833 (2007). A. Potekhin, G.
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Apr 18, 2023 | 
pnas.org | Sean Darling-Hammond |Michael Ruiz |Jennifer L. Eberhardt |Jason A. Okonofua
T. M. Freeberg, R. I. M. Dunbar, T. J. Ord, Social complexity as a proximate and ultimate factor in communicative complexity. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 367, 1785–1801 (2012). K. B. Sewall, Social complexity as a driver of communication and cognition. Integr. Comp. Biol. 55, 384–395 (2015). L. Peckre, P. M. Kappeler, C. Fichtel, Clarifying and expanding the social complexity hypothesis for communicative complexity. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 73, 11 (2019). H. Bouchet, C. Blois-Heulin, A.
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Apr 18, 2023 | 
pnas.org | Sean Darling-Hammond |Michael Ruiz |Jennifer L. Eberhardt |Jason A. Okonofua
V. Mezhov, E. Guymer, G. Littlejohn, Central sensitivity and fibromyalgia. Intern. Med. J. 51, 1990–1998 (2021). G. Affaitati et al., Effects of treatment of peripheral pain generators in fibromyalgia patients. Eur. J. Pain 15, 61–69 (2011). M. E. Bote, J. J. Garcia, M. D. Hinchado, E. Ortega, Fibromyalgia: Anti-inflammatory and stress responses after acute moderate exercise. PLoS One 8, e74524 (2013). M. E. Bote, J. J. García, M. D. Hinchado, E. Ortega, Inflammatory/stress feedback dysregulation in women with fibromyalgia.
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Apr 18, 2023 | 
pnas.org | Arthur Jaffe |Sean Darling-Hammond |Michael Ruiz |Jennifer L. Eberhardt
S. Sachdev, J. Ye, Gapless spin-fluid ground state in a random quantum Heisenberg magnet. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3339–3342 (1993). A. Kitaev, A simple model of quantum holography (2015). R. Nandkishore, D. A. Huse, Many-body localization and thermalization in quantum statistical mechanics. Ann. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 6, 15–38 (2015). E. H. Lieb, D. W. Robinson, “The finite group velocity of quantum spin systems” in Statistical Mechanics (Springer, 1972), pp. 425-431. P. Hayden, J.
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Apr 18, 2023 | 
pnas.org | Ju Yeon |Sean Darling-Hammond |Michael Ruiz |Jennifer L. Eberhardt
Skip to main content SignificanceIn many representative democracies, legislators sometimes focus on making political points rather than making policy. Previous studies assumed or argued that they do so in an expectation of gaining more votes in the following election, but this claim has not been studied systematically.
