Shafie Khorassani

Feb 17, 2023 | mdpi.com | Niko Kaciroti |Michael Elliott |Fatema Shafie Khorassani |Shafie Khorassani

Abstract:Clinical trials often collect intermediate or surrogate endpoints other than their true endpoint of interest. It is important that the treatment effect on the surrogate endpoint accurately predicts the treatment effect on the true endpoint. There are settings in which the proposed surrogate endpoint is positively correlated with the true endpoint, but the treatment has opposite effects on the surrogate and true endpoints, a phenomenon labeled “surrogate paradox”.