Shahzaib Samad

Feb 28, 2024 | future-science.com | Shahzaib Samad |Bilqees Baloch |Muhammad Qadeer

The authors have no financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Feb 14, 2024 | future-science.com | Muhammad Qadeer |Shahzaib Samad |Bilqees Baloch

The history of the vape device, also known as an electronic cigarette, dates back to its manufacture in Beijing in 2003, followed by its introduction to the US market in 2007 [1]. The device operates using a lithium battery, a heating coil, and a reservoir for liquid chemicals, which deliver a controlled dose of nicotine in vapor form [1]. Nicotine, a catecholamine with sympathomimetic effects, rapidly enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood–brain barrier within seconds when inhaled [2].