Siavash Zamirpour

Aug 5, 2023 | mdpi.com | Siavash Zamirpour |Alan Hubbard |Jean Feng |Atul J. Butte

2. Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2016 to 2022 at the University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, an urban quaternary academic medical center. Inclusion criteria included adult operative cases during the study period with ≥1 serum creatinine (sCr) value in the 90 days preceding surgery and ≥1 serum sCr in the 48 h following surgery ().