Sihuang Liu

Aug 26, 2024 | mdpi.com | Jingwen Huang |Chiayi Kuo |Sihuang Liu |Tao Su

1. IntroductionHomomorphic Encryption (HE), enabling the computation of encrypted data, is an optimal privacy-preserving solution for various scenarios, including cloud computing [1] and machine learning [2]. Unlike cryptographic methods [3,4] based on chaos theory, HE relies primarily on algebraic structures such as latticed-based mathematical theories.