Silva Cunha

Oct 8, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Silva Cunha |Instituto de Fisiología |Faculdade de Medicina |Universidade de Lisboa

1. Introduction In the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in managing atrial fibrillation (AF) through catheter ablation. Initially, the procedure focused on isolating pulmonary veins (PV) due to their role in AF initiation (1). So, complete PV isolation (PVI) became the foundation for catheter ablation in AF therapy (2) and circumferential ablation around the PV ostia has become a key element in AF ablation.