Steve Oghumu

Oct 23, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Dan Yu |Steve Oghumu |Caterina Mancarella |Jessica Bell

1 IntroductionWith an annual incidence of around 600,000 new cases and > 50% mortality, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks as the 6th most prevalent cancer globally (1, 2). Regardless of many advances in the treatment of HNSCC, such as surgical techniques, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, the 5-year survival rate remains stubbornly low, at 40–50% (2, 3).