Tian He

Feb 29, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Yingying Liu |Sichuan Chengdu |Di Jin |Tian He

1 INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a distressing functional gastrointestinal disorder of long duration that affects approximately 1 in 10 population globally (Black & Ford, 2020). The main symptoms of patients with IBS are abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits (e.g., diarrhea, constipation, or a combination of both) (Alammar & Stein, 2019).

Mar 20, 2023 | mdpi.com | Kai Yu |Tian He

3.4.2. Hydrogen BondingThe force of a hydrogen bond is generally less than that of a chemical bond. However, since the binding force between the metal and the substrate without any adhesion treatment is mainly a van der Waals force, hydrogen bonding can still be regarded as an auxiliary strengthening measure.