Tianyi Shi

Oct 8, 2023 | mdpi.com | Jinsong Chen |Joanna Chu |Samantha Marsh |Tianyi Shi

1. IntroductionTobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable death in the world [1]. Although millions of smokers receive advice from their healthcare providers each year for quitting smoking, and over half of them attempt to quit, the success rate is low [2]. Without any support, the success rate from a quit attempt is about 5% to 7% [3], but it can be raised to over 20% with behavioural intervention even without pharmacotherapy [4,5].