Timothy M. Devenport

Oct 4, 2024 | mdpi.com | Timothy M. Devenport |Ping Lu |Bernard Rolfe |Michael Pereira

1. IntroductionSheet metal forming (SMF) is a common manufacturing process where an external force is applied to plastically deform the sheet into the desired component shape without removing material. Galling wear is a known problem in SMF. Galling wear is a severe form of wear during which material is transferred from the sheet to the forming tool during the forming process, damaging both the tool, the sheet, and future components. According to industrial data statistics reported by Cheung et al.