Toby Johnson

Sep 29, 2023 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Toby Johnson |Andrew Docker |Matthew Langton |Paul D. Beer

Introduction Anions are crucially implicated in a multitude of biological processes, including the regulation of chloride concentration which is related to the osmotic pressure and pH of cells and therefore forms one of the preconditions for life. It is therefore unsurprising that nature has developed highly selective protein channels and pumps to transport charged species through otherwise ion-impermeable lipid bilayers.