Wenchuan Zhao

Jan 16, 2025 | mdpi.com | Ning WANG |Yu ZHANG |Linghui Peng |Wenchuan Zhao

1. IntroductionWith the gradual depletion of terrestrial resources, the pace of human development of marine resources has accelerated in response to increasing demand. Underwater robots, as important tools for human exploration of the ocean, have broad application prospects. Traditional propeller-driven underwater robots have disadvantages such as high noise, poor stability, and low propulsion efficiency [1,2].