Wenming Zhu

1 month ago | mdpi.com | Wenming Zhu |Dong Zhao |Qiang Zhang |Shuai Zhao

1. IntroductionAs a key piece of equipment in oil extraction, the safety and stability of rod pumping systems are crucial for the effective exploitation of oil and gas resources during operation. Their performance directly affects the production efficiency and economic benefits of the oilfield [1,2]. However, traditional rod pumping systems are often made of metal materials, which is a relatively weak link.