Wenxin Feng

Jun 18, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Wenxin Feng |Ningning Niu |Ping Lu |Zhuo Chen

1 Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease that is estimated to become the second-leading cause of cancer death in the US by 2030 at a rate of 0.5% to 1.0% per year.[1, 2] In 90% of cases, pancreatic cancer is discovered at a late stage, when it has spread beyond the pancreas, and over half have metastasized to other organs.[2, 3] Multiple genetic alterations are involved in the pathophysiology of PDAC, including KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A,[4] and KRAS...