Xianzhang Ling

Oct 11, 2024 | mdpi.com | Rongchang Wang |Zhongnian Yang |Xianzhang Ling |Wei Shi

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Jun 26, 2024 | mdpi.com | Xiao Han |Shuang Tian |Liang Dong |Xianzhang Ling

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

Feb 11, 2023 | mdpi.com | Jiahui Wang |Ping Yang |Yingying Zhao |Xianzhang Ling

1. IntroductionHeavy axles, extended formation lengths, and long action times are typical characteristics of heavy-haul railway trains. Long-term cyclic loading has a great impact on the heavy-haul railway subgrade [1]. In addition, in the absence of well-graded fillers and with the frequent use of poorly graded fillers based on cost considerations during subgrade construction, the CPS of subgrade fillers is more significant, which is more likely to cause subgrade diseases [2].