Xiao-Jia Zhang

May 30, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Space Physics |Chao Yue |Alexander Lukin |Xiao-Jia Zhang

1 IntroductionHiss waves are a type of whistler mode, broadband emission that typically exists in the Earth’s high density plasmasphere and plume regions (Thorne et al., 1973; Chan and Holzer, 1976; Larkina and Likhter, 1982; Hayakawa et al., 1986; Meredith, 2004; Ripoll et al., 2020).