Xiaoxue Li

Sep 5, 2023 | mdpi.com | Xiaoxue Li |Xiaofeng Wang |Jia Guo |Weijia Feng

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.

May 30, 2023 | dovepress.com | Qian Zhao |Lian Liu |Xiaoxue Li |Lihua Yang

IntroductionPort-wine stains (PWS) are congenital vascular malformations characterized by progressive dilatation of capillary and postcapillary venules in the skin, which affects 0.3% to 0.5% of the population.1 They typically manifest as pink to reddish, irregularly shaped and sized patches, which are mainly located on the face and/or neck. In some patients, the lesions gradually developed with increased thickness, and darker color over time.