Yanying Ma

Nov 20, 2024 | mdpi.com | Ting Liu |Hongyan Liu |Yanying Ma

1. IntroductionFractional calculus is an extension of the classical integer order calculus, and fractional calculus has received considerable attention in varieties of applied science, such as electrochemistry, physics, and biology [1,2,3,4]. Fractional order models in practical problems are generally described as fractional order differential and integro-differential equations.