Yuanqing Zhu

Jul 23, 2024 | mdpi.com | Yuanqing Zhu |Jia Yu |Jin Zhang |Jie Shi

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Aug 20, 2023 | mdpi.com | Yuanqing Zhu |Long Liu

Shipping, which accounts for over 80% of international trade transportation, is the most cost-effective and efficient mode of transportation [1,2]. It has made remarkable contributions to the prosperity of the global economy and the advancement of human civilization [3]. However, engine combustion will produce a lot of harmful emissions such as particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which cause severe pollution to the atmosphere and marine environment [4].