Zelin Lu

Sep 28, 2023 | mdpi.com | Minhe Luo |Ding Wang |Xuchun Wang |Zelin Lu

1. IntroductionRapidly escalating urbanization calls for efficient transport systems and has made metro construction crucial to meet growing urban transportation demand. The shield tunnelling method has become the primary construction method for underground metro projects, owing to the rapid construction speed, automated operation, and minimal impact on surface traffic.