Zhiqiang Zou

Jun 20, 2023 | mdpi.com | Lijinhong Huang |Zhiqiang Zou |Shaomin Liu |Lihong Liu

1. IntroductionRare earth elements collectively refer to the 17 elements that are extensively applied in the fields of metal products, magnetic materials, chemical catalysis, and optical instruments [1,2,3]. The main forms of rare earth in nature are categorized into mineral-type rare earth ore, such as fluocerite and monazite, and ionic rare earth ore.