Debiao Xiang

Nov 9, 2023 | dovepress.com | Lili Zhou |Rui Yang |Fang Yuan |Debiao Xiang

Introduction Over the past decade, various malignant tumor treatment methods have been applied in the clinic, including traditional treatment strategies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and emerging immunotherapy.1 However, due to the inherent limitations of conventional treatment approaches and the heterogeneity of tumors, their clinical efficacy remains dismal.2,3 Although immunotherapy has become a promising cancer treatment in recent years, its narrow anti-tumor spectrum,...