Ergang Zhang

Nov 26, 2024 | mdpi.com | Xudong WANG |Pengcheng Wu |Ye Chen |Ergang Zhang

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Nov 18, 2024 | mdpi.com | Xudong WANG |Pengcheng Wu |Ye Chen |Ergang Zhang

1. IntroductionAs a crucial replacement energy source in China’s “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” strategy, the exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep natural gas resources has become a primary focus of the Chinese petroleum industry [1,2]. The complex geological conditions of deep gas resources make it challenging to detect downhole incidents, such as gas influx and kicks, in a timely and accurate manner during drilling operations, which leads to high well-control risk [3].