Farhad Shahnia

Aug 16, 2023 | mdpi.com | Farhad Shahnia

1. IntroductionAlthough the medium voltage (MV) lines supplying industrial customers usually have a loop configuration, the MV lines supplying residential low-voltage feeders (LVFs) traditionally have a radial or open-ring structure, especially in urban and semi-urban areas [1]. Thus, until recently they were generally classified as passive systems with largely predictable unidirectional power flow.

Aug 2, 2023 | mdpi.com | Farhad Shahnia |Fushuan Wen |Asaduzzaman Shoeb |GM Shafiullah

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticleby 1, 1,*, 1 and 21Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia2College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. †A portion of the materials in this paper were previously published (in modified form) in the PhD thesis of the first author at Murdoch University in 2019.