Francesco Paolo Busardò

Aug 31, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Francesco Paolo Busardò |Wei Hao |Ajay Manhapra |Ospedale di Bergamo

1. Introduction In 2020, ~284 million people aged 15–64 years used drugs worldwide, while nearly 39 million people suffered from drug use disorders (1). Globally, it is estimated that more than 61 million individuals are opioid abusers, i.e., 1.2% of the world's population, thus opioids continue to be the largest contributor to disabilities and mortality attributed to drug use.

Aug 15, 2023 | mdpi.com | Giuseppe Basile |Francesco Paolo Busardò |Omayema Taoussi |Jeremy Carlier

1. IntroductionThe use of performance enhancing agents by athletes to gain a fraudulent edge is a major issue in sporting competitions. In recent years, the abuse of these drugs is prevalent and becoming common among high school athletes and even non-competitive athletic persons, and in some cases may lead to severe and prolonged toxicity and even death [1,2,3].