Fuxiang Li

Dec 6, 2024 | insight.jci.org | JCI Insight |Fuxiang Li |Chuanzhi Zhu |Yue Zhang

AbstractIntroductionPleural effusions (PEs) present a substantial clinical challenge, arising from over 50 identified causes, including local pleural or pulmonary diseases, organ dysfunction, systemic illnesses, and medication effects (1). The formation of PEs typically involves the accumulation of protein-rich fluid and cells within the pleural cavity. The pathophysiological features of PE differ based on the underlying condition.