Gianluigi Forloni

Jul 31, 2024 | mdpi.com | Alessandro Mariani |Roberto Fanelli |Gianluigi Forloni |Davide Comolli

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Mar 21, 2023 | mdpi.com | Gianluigi Forloni

3.1. Peripheral and Central InflammationInflammation influences the pathogenesis of virtually all neurodegenerative disorders; distinct inflammatory pathways are activated, and the timing can be different, but local or/and general inflammation is invariably involved, starting from the early phase of diseases [139]. In PD and the other synucleinopathies, dysfunction of the central and peripheral immune systems significantly participates in the development of the diseases [140].