Hans-Helmut Kotz

Oct 21, 2024 | piie.com | Cecilia Malmström |Adam Posen |Hans-Helmut Kotz |Sigmar Gabriel |Sarah Guillou

Tensions between the United States and China have been rising during both the Trump and Biden administrations. The Russian invasion of Ukraine added substantially to the impact of these conflicts on Europe. Inevitably, geopolitics bears upon economics. De-risking global value chains is the new imperative. Europe, characterized by its small, open economies, is profoundly challenged by these new background conditions. The challenges come in two dimensions.