Jiaping Fu

Jan 7, 2025 | dx.doi.org | Xin Zhao |Jiaping Fu |Ming Chen |Yao Wang

Jan 7, 2025 | pubs.acs.org | Xin Zhao |Jiaping Fu |Ming Chen |Yao Wang

IntroductionClick to copy section linkSection link copied!Given the intermittent and regional limitations of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, the demand for efficient and sustainable grid-scale energy storage devices is constantly increasing. (1) Although lithium-ion batteries have dominated the rechargeable battery markets, their gigawatt-scale applications are economically unsound considering the scarcity of lithium mineral reserves.