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Sep 10, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram |Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar
A 19th century school for Parsis, a religious minority in India, offered instruction in English and an Indian language. PHOTO: DDF/BRIDGEMAN IMAGESFor most of her life in the western Indian state of Maharashtra, 15-year-old Khushi Tambe attended school taught in her mother tongue of Marathi. But starting high school last year meant she had no choice but to switch to a school with lessons in English, a language she had only been learning for 2 years.
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Sep 5, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram |Jianwei Yang
Editor’s summaryOperating temperatures of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are usually less than 100°C because the Nafion proton exchange membrane dehydrates at higher temperatures. Yang et al. found that higher operating temperatures that increase power density in hydrogen-air PEMFCs could be achieved with a covalent organic framework (COF) interwoven with Nafion.
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Sep 5, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram |Maria Luísa Jabbur
Editor’s summaryLong-lived plants and animals clearly regulate their physiology according to seasonal changes in day length to appropriately adjust their physiology. Jabbur et al. found that cyanobacteria can do the same even though individuals only live for a few hours, a time shorter than a single daily photoperiod. Exposure to short photoperiods characteristic of winter stimulated these cyanobacteria to adjust their membrane lipids and gene expression to accommodate cold conditions.
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Sep 5, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram |Ervin Ascic
AbstractImmunotherapy can lead to long-term survival for some cancer patients, yet generalized success has been hampered by insufficient antigen presentation and exclusion of immunogenic cells from the tumor microenvironment. Here, we developed an approach to reprogram tumor cells in vivo by adenoviral delivery of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3, which enabled them to present antigens as type 1 conventional dendritic cells.
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Sep 5, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram |Duccio Conti
Editor’s summarySuccessful cell division requires precise separation of chromosomes with near perfect fidelity to the daughter cells. Central to this essential process is attachment of the chromosomal centromeres to microtubules of the mitotic spindle. After DNA replication, properly timed regeneration of the centromere and its associated protein complex is essential. Conti et al. and Parashara et al. reveal how Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) coordinates this process at the end of mitosis.
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Sep 5, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram
In her bestselling book Braiding Sweetgrass, Robin Wall Kimmerer describes the reciprocity between humans and nature while also contemplating another potentially beneficial relationship—between Indigenous knowledge and Western science. Not surprisingly, this integration is easier said than done.
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Sep 5, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram |Lei Zhu
Editor’s summaryChemists still frequently forge the carbon-oxygen bonds in ethers using a nucleophilic displacement reaction dating back to Williamson’s work in the mid-19th century. A major drawback to this reaction is that it is largely restricted to unhindered carbon centers. Kaster et al. report a broadly versatile alternative involving palladium-catalyzed oxidative coupling of olefins with alcohols.
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Sep 5, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram |Yi Yang
Editor’s summaryIntensive agriculture creates multiple environmental challenges, including runoff of excess nutrients, use of chemical pesticides, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Curbing these negative effects of agriculture while feeding a growing global population is already a massive challenge and one that will likely be exacerbated by climate change. Yang et al.
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Sep 5, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram |Evan Sweren
Editor’s summaryHumans have particularly thick and tough skin on the palms of their hands and soles of their feet, and this volar skin is well suited to high-pressure conditions such as walking. For amputees, however, whose limb stumps are covered with nonvolar skin, damage can result from prosthetic use. Lee et al. compared the biological properties of volar and nonvolar fibroblasts to understand what drives their physical differences (see the Perspective by Watt).
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Sep 5, 2024 | 
science.org | Eyal G. Frank |Sam Lee |Laksshman Sundaram |Arvind Kumar
Editor’s summaryCancer is caused by mutations in DNA that often accompany profound changes to the nucleoprotein structure of the genome (the epigenome) that governs gene expression. Sundaram et al. mapped active regions of regulatory DNA from single cells in diverse human cancer types. Their analysis revealed distinct patterns of open chromatin in different types and genetic subclones of cancer and immune cells in tumors.
