Lingyu Liu

Jun 19, 2024 | mdpi.com | Lingyu Liu |Xiaobo Li |Pengcheng Li

1. IntroductionThe spreading and vanishing of species is a fundamental content in ecology. In order to study this problem, numerous studies have been conducted from a mathematical viewpoint. In this paper, we consider a ratio-dependent prey–predator model with different double free boundaries. This is a significant topic because the following phenomenon continuously occurs in the real world.