Luca Spogli

Jan 6, 2025 | agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Yuhao Zheng |Space science |Chao Xiong |Luca Spogli

1 Introduction The fluctuations in the phase and amplitude of radio wave signals that transit the ionosphere are usually referred to as “scintillations” (Hey et al., 1946). A class of those fluctuations is caused by phase velocity changes of an electromagnetic wave crossing ionosphere irregularities, that is, plasma density variations with respect to the background ionosphere.