Mark R. Cozad

Jan 16, 2025 | rand.org | Michelle Grisé |Mark R. Cozad

The Ukraine war has often been characterized as a precipitating factor in the growing alignment of the United States' key adversaries—China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea—and it is true that the conflict in Ukraine has incentivized greater cooperation between the members of this quartet. The fall of the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria may bring America's four most dangerous antagonists closer together still, at least for now.

Sep 21, 2023 | rand.org | Bryan Frederick |Mark R. Cozad |Alexandra Stark

Despite the devastating losses experienced by the Russian military and both the Ukrainian military and civilian population following Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, both sides have refrained from pursuing several escalatory options to date.

Sep 21, 2023 | rand.org | Bryan Frederick |Mark R. Cozad |Alexandra Stark

Key Findings Russian President Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has imposed devastating losses on the Russian military and on Ukraine's military and civilian populations, but both sides have avoided certain escalatory options.