Mark Woodward

Jan 16, 2025 | heart.bmj.com | Paul Welsh |Dorien M Kimenai |Mark Woodward

AbstractBackground The Assessing cardiovascular risk using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (ASSIGN) risk score, developed in 2006, is used in Scotland for estimating the 10-year risk of first atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Rates of ASCVD are decreasing, and an update is required. This study aimed to recalibrate ASSIGN (V.2.0) using contemporary data and to compare recalibration with other potential approaches for updating the risk score.

May 24, 2024 | bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com | Ana-Catarina Pinho-Gomes |Mark Woodward

Climate change has a disproportionate impact on women in comparison to men, and women have a key role to play in climate adaptation. However, evidence is lacking on how gender inequalities may be associated with climate vulnerability and ability to respond at country level. This ecological study investigated the association between climate adaptation, measured by the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative Country Index (ND-GAIN), and gender equality, measured by the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) developed by the World Economic Forum and the Gender Inequality Index (GII) developed by the United Nations. Simple linear regression was used to estimate the associations between the indices and their subdomains for 146 countries. There was an approximately linear association between the GGGI and climate adaptation. Each 1% increase in gender equality was associated with a 0.6% increase in the ND-GAIN score (the slope was 0.59, with a 95% confidence interval [0.33 to 0.84]). This was driven by a negative association between gender equality and vulnerability (-0.41 [-0.62 to -0.20]), and a positive association between gender equality and readiness (0.77 [0.44 to 1.10]). The strongest associations between gender equality and climate adaptation were observed for the education domain of the GGGI. There was a strong negative linear association between the GII and climate adaptation, which explained most (86%) of the between-country variation in climate adaptation. Each 1% increase in gender inequality was associated with a 0.5% decrease in the ND-GAIN score (-0.54 [-0.57 to -0.50]). The association between gender inequality and readiness was stronger than the association with vulnerability (0.41 [0.37 to 0.44] for vulnerability versus − 0.67 [-0.72 to -0.61] for readiness). Gender inequality, measured broadly across different domains of life, is associated with climate adaptation at country level, both in terms of vulnerability to impact and readiness to respond.

Mar 8, 2024 | dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Bjorn Eliasson |Naveed Sattar |Katie Harris |Mark Woodward

1 INTRODUCTION Individuals with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD, defined as myocardial infarction, stroke and fatal CVD) compared to the general population, with risks elevated 2.3-fold in women and threefold in men.1, 2 The first signs of accelerated vascular harm have been shown to already appear during adolescence in individuals with type 1 diabetes.3 Efforts to mitigate risk factor exposure, including glycaemic control, should ideally start...

Oct 3, 2023 | jamanetwork.com | Lawrence J. Appel |Morgan E. Grams |Mark Woodward |Katie Harris

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Albuminuria, and Adverse Outcomes: An Individual-Participant Data Meta-Analysis Reported Awareness and Adoption of 2021 eGFR Equations Among US Clinical Laboratories, March 2022 Jonathan R. Genzen, MD, PhD; Rhona J. Souers, MS; Lauren N. Pearson, DO, MPH; David M. Manthei, MD, PhD; Allison B. Chambliss, PhD; Zahra Shajani-Yi, PhD; W.

May 8, 2023 | jamanetwork.com | Rachel Buckley |Jessica Gong |Mark Woodward

A Call to Action to Address Sex Differences in Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trials Historically, scientific findings from male in vitro and in vivo models have formed the standard of medical knowledge. This approach, exacerbated by low female representation in medical research and a dearth of studies investigating sex differences, has led to substantial public health, clinical, and humanitarian implications, as well as economic consequences.