Norman R. Friedman

Jan 3, 2024 | aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Cristina M Baldassari |Norman R. Friedman |Doug Chieffe

Up to 80% of children with Down Syndrome (DS) are affected by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which has deleterious effects on cardiopulmonary function, neurocognition, and quality of life.1-3 The American Academy of Otolaryngology recommends adenotonsillectomy (T&A) as the first-line treatment for children with OSA.4 However, only 16% to 33% of children with DS will have resolution of OSA with T&A.5-8 This low response rate may be attributed to complex multilevel airway obstruction in DS;...

May 22, 2023 | britannica.com | Norman R. Friedman

Speed Increased speed required increased power. Since the resistance a submarine encounters is a function of its surface area, the ideal was to achieve greater power without increasing the volume or weight of the power plant and, therefore, the size of the submarine. A more powerful (and therefore noisier) engine could be silenced, but only by increasing the size of the submarine, which in turn would lower its speed.