Shan Su

Mar 6, 2024 | mdpi.com | Shan Su |Hong Xie |Changjun Chen |Xiong Zhang

1. IntroductionLevee engineering serves as a crucial project to safeguard residents and agricultural production from the devastating impacts of flooding [1,2]. With the onset of increased rainfall during the flood season, the combined effects of floods and precipitation create substantial pressure differentials between the upstream and downstream slopes of levee structures. This often results in water easily backflowing through drainage pipes.