Simon Dooley

Oct 3, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Rory Smith |Andrew Barnes |Jingjing Wang |Simon Dooley

1 INTRODUCTION Culverts are man-made conduits that allow streams and rivers to pass under road, railway embankments and built-up areas. The continued and unimpeded operation of these structures is key to prevent urban flooding and protect structural integrity (Benn et al., 2019; Blanc et al., 2014).