Todd Gould

1 month ago | nature.com | Todd Gould

AbstractThe pharmacologically active (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) metabolite (2 R,6 R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) maintains ketamine’s preclinical antidepressant profile without adverse effects. While hypotheses have been proposed to explain how ketamine and its metabolites initiate their antidepressant-relevant effects, it remains unclear how sustained therapeutic actions arise following drug elimination.

Oct 22, 2024 | biorxiv.org | Kyle Brown |Todd Gould |Musa I Ajibola

AbstractThe pharmacologically active (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) maintains ketamine's preclinical antidepressant profile without adverse effects. While hypotheses have been proposed to explain how ketamine and its metabolites initiate their antidepressant-relevant effects, it remains unclear how sustained therapeutic actions arise following drug elimination.

Jul 3, 2024 | sciencedirect.com | A. Auerbach |Panos Zanos |Todd Gould |Yoshifumi Okochi

Despite the importance of speed in synaptic transmission, in many synapses, neurotransmitters bind to their receptors at rates that appear to be slower than the diffusion limit. This assessment is generally based on a comparison with the Smoluchowski limit rather than an independent experimental analysis. In many synapses, miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) are controlled by the interplay between binding to receptors and diffusion of the neurotransmitter out of the synaptic cleft.

Jan 3, 2024 | nature.com | Todd Gould

AbstractThe discovery that subanesthetic doses of (R, S)-ketamine (ketamine) and (S)-ketamine (esketamine) rapidly induce antidepressant effects and promote sustained actions following drug clearance in depressed patients who are treatment-resistant to other therapies has resulted in a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of how rapidly and effectively depression can be treated.

Jul 23, 2023 | nature.com | Todd Gould

Excipients are formulated in combination with an active pharmaceutical ingredient in many drug products. While excipients are expected to be inert, emerging evidence suggests that many are pharmacologically active and may partly underlie or modify the functional effects attributed to the active pharmaceutical ingredient [1]. Enhanced interest in the biological activity of excipients has led to studies assessing the contribution of excipients to adverse reactions induced by drug products.