Xianlong Wang

Jan 16, 2025 | mdpi.com | Ting Yue |Xianlong Wang |Bo Wang |Shang Tai

1. IntroductionAircraft icing results in a decrease in aerodynamic performance, characterized by a reduction in lift, an increase in drag, a decrease in the stall angle, and an increase in aerodynamic nonlinearity under the same flight conditions [1,2,3]. Changes in the aircraft’s aerodynamic characteristics cause deviations from the original flight control design point, leading to a decline in maneuverability and stability, which significantly affects flight safety.