Xiao Ouyang

Nov 2, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Xueru Zhang |Xiao Ouyang |Xu Zhou

1 IntroductionConsidering the continuous increase of urbanization processes and human activities in the biophysical environment, it has been observed that the vulnerability of cities to uncertain risks and extreme events increases exponentially, which is mainly derived from events associated with climate change, such as storms, floods, and extreme drought (Ribeiro and Pena Jardim Gonçalves, 2019).